Explainer: What are US Sanctions and Who Do They Target?

US sanctions programs span more than 20 countries and regions. These tools range from comprehensive embargoes on whole economies to sectoral restrictions on finance, energy, and defense, as well as individual asset freezes under the Global Magnitsky Act.

The US says sanctions aim to deter human-rights violations, disrupt terror networks, and block WMD development.

While some programs have been eased or lifted, most remain in place, shaping global trade flows and diplomatic relations.