Musk Wants a Third Party. Can He?

Why has the U.S. remained a two-party system for over 170 years, despite millions identifying as independents?

This explainer breaks down the structural, legal, and cultural barriers standing in the way of a viable third political party. From winner-takes-all elections and the Electoral College to ballot access hurdles and Senate filibusters, the system favors Democrats and Republicans by design.

Even high-profile figures like Elon Musk, who recently teased the idea of launching a new centrist party, would face an uphill battle. While public appetite for alternatives is growing, especially among younger and moderate voters, institutional reform remains elusive.