US–Iran talks: what are the main sticking points?

The United States and Iran are set to enter negotiations in Islamabad, but significant differences between the two sides raise questions about whether a lasting agreement can be reached.

According to Reuters, both countries are approaching the talks with competing proposals, with Iran presenting a 10-point plan and Washington previously outlining a separate 15-point framework.

Key disagreements remain unresolved. Iran has insisted on continuing uranium enrichment, a position the United States has repeatedly rejected as non-negotiable.

At the same time, Washington has called for limits on Iran’s missile programme, which Tehran has also described as a red line.

Beyond military capabilities, control of the Strait of Hormuz has emerged as a central issue. The waterway is a critical global energy route, carrying around 20% of the world’s oil and gas supply. Iran has indicated it may seek to maintain control over the strait and potentially charge transit fees under a future agreement.

The talks also take place amid broader regional tensions, including ongoing conflict involving Iran’s allies.

Analysts say these overlapping issues, combined with limited common ground between the two proposals, could make reaching a comprehensive settlement difficult in the near term.